LAUSR

Abstract Existing energy optimization strategies for HEVs generally do not consider mathematical justification for varying gradient within a drive cycle. It is demonstrated in this paper that variations in this factor can lead to significant inaccuracies in the prediction of energy and torque demands and consequently may not reliably follow the desired drive cycle completely. The proposed variants of these strategies for addressing this problem incorporate the factor of varying terrain in the cost function for generating optimal torque commands to ensure drivability and also manage battery charge so as to meet instantaneous torque demands imposed by the terrain within the drive cycle.