Abstract The current investigation investigated longitudinal relations among homework expectancy, value, effort, and achievement, based on 702 Chinese middle school students. Data revealed that there were reciprocal influences of (a)… Click to show full abstract
Abstract The current investigation investigated longitudinal relations among homework expectancy, value, effort, and achievement, based on 702 Chinese middle school students. Data revealed that there were reciprocal influences of (a) expectancy and achievement, and (b) effort and achievement. Furthermore, data revealed that prior achievement positively influenced subsequent value. On the other hand, prior value did not have a significant influence on subsequent achievement. Finally, the latent expectancy × value interaction had a positive influence on later achievement. Our results are discussed in relation to expectancy-value theory and cultural influences.
               
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