LAUSR

Abstract The proposed autonomous hybrid charging station in this paper is energized by a photovoltaic (PV) system, which should provide electric vehicles (EVs), and water electrolyzer (WE) with electricity. The WE operates by using electricity to produce and store hydrogen to feed hydrogen vehicles (HVs). Moreover, a fuel cell (FC) is allocated to the system, which uses the stored hydrogen to regenerate electricity the PV system is beyond reach. A supplementary diesel generator is also installed in the charging station to avoid power shortage as a conservative measurement. The hydrogen and electric demand of the station is accompanied by uncertainties, which should be taken into account in designing the charging station. Therefore, information-gap decision theory (IGDT) is employed to deal with the uncertainties. This approach provides the investor with three different strategies of risk-averse strategy (RAS), risk-neutral strategy (RNS), and risk-seeker strategy (RSS), which can help the investor with making a better decision. The outcome of the simulation proved that in RAS if the investor decides to invest 13.9% more capital, based on the robustness function, the charging station withstands the 9.6% deviation of uncertain parameters’ fraction error. However, should the investor decide to take risks in the construction of the charging station, by paying 13.9% less, the system is 10.7% fragile to the information-gap of uncertainties. Besides, the rated power of the PV system reaches from 1612 kW in RNS to 1731 kW in RAS while it decreased to 1479 kW in RSS.