Abstract We propose a bitcoin-based exchange rate of USD/EUR and investigate market efficiency in the spot, futures, and forward FX markets. Structural-change, unit-root and Johansen tests indicate that the bitcoin… Click to show full abstract
Abstract We propose a bitcoin-based exchange rate of USD/EUR and investigate market efficiency in the spot, futures, and forward FX markets. Structural-change, unit-root and Johansen tests indicate that the bitcoin exchange rate is a random walk and is co-integrated with the FX series. Inferences regarding the co-integrating coefficients suggest the long-run “unbiasedness” and short-run “fair game” nature of the bitcoin exchange rate. Our results are indicative of weak or semi-strong market efficiency.
               
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