LAUSR

OBJECTIVE Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment that targets suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and has been adapted for adolescents. Given the seriousness of these behaviors, many adolescents are psychiatrically hospitalized but minimal research has been conducted on specific interventions during hospitalization. The goal of this study was to evaluate DBT versus treatment as usual (TAU) for adolescents on an acute-care psychiatric inpatient unit. METHOD We conducted a retrospective chart review for adolescents receiving inpatient DBT (n = 425) and for a historical control group treated on the same unit prior to DBT (i.e., TAU, n = 376). Chi square and t tests were conducted as preliminary analyses to examine differences between groups on diagnosis, gender, and age. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to examine differences between groups on outcome variables. The potential benefit of cost savings was analyzed. RESULTS Patients who received DBT had significantly fewer number of constant observation (CO) hours for self-injury; incidents of suicide attempts and self-injury; restraints, and days hospitalized compared to patients who received TAU. Statistically significant differences were not found between DBT and TAU groups for number of CO hours for aggression, incidents of aggression toward patients or staff, seclusions, or readmissions. A cost analysis determined $251,609 less was spent on staff time for CO hours with DBT compared to TAU. CONCLUSION Results provide support for the implementation of DBT in an acute-care adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit for adolescents. Clinical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.