LAUSR

Abstract Clean Energy sources, such as wind and solar, have become an inseparable part of today's power grids. However, the intermittent nature of these sources has become the greatest challenge for their owners, which makes the bidding in the restructured electricity market more challenging. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to propose a novel multi-objective bidding strategy framework for a wind-thermal-photovoltaic system in the deregulated electricity market for the first time. Contrary to the existing bidding models, in the proposed model, two objective functions are taken into account that the first one copes with profit maximization while the second objective function concerns with emission minimization of thermal units. The proposed multi-objective optimization problem is solved using the weighted sum approach. The uncertainties associated with electricity market prices and the output power of renewable energy sources are characterized by a set of scenarios. Ultimately, in order to select the best-compromised solution among the obtained Pareto optimal solutions, two diverse approaches are applied. The proposed bidding strategy problem is being formulated and examined in various modes of joint and disjoint operation of dispatchable and non-dispatchable energy sources. Simulation results illustrate that not only the integrated participation of these resources increases the producer's expected profit, but also decreases the amount of the produced pollution by the thermal units.