LAUSR

Calculating the number needed to treat (NNT) has been widely used to help understand treatment effect results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Combined benefit-and-harm profiles from RCT results have to be taken into account to maximize benefits and minimize harms. Unfortunately, in the biomedical community there is no easy and acceptable way to incorporate both benefit and harm information of treatments in a single summary statistic similar to an NNT. In this paper, we propose a new metric, the "NNT for net effect" or NNTnet to present the combined benefit-and-harm effects of an intervention or therapy based on NNT-type information with the intention that it will advance decision-making for health professionals, researchers and resource-managers in real-world practice. Examples are provided to illustrate the calculation and application of the NNTnet in practice. An NNTnet is specifically applicable to the physicians and resource-managers who interpret the data published in the literature to help with their decision-making and the researchers who present the trial data to the audiences in their papers and presentations, all of whom used to employ NNT information to show and interpret beneficial and harmful effects separately.