LAUSR

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction that is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites and complicated by organ failure, although the improvements regard diagnosis and treatment of the septic patients, sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs) [1,2,3]. Septic patients can diagnose by clinical signs as leukocytosis, changes in body temperature and tachycardia, but these signs are neither sensitive nor specific for sepsis [4], so there must be an earlymarker for the proper diagnosis and treatment of sepsis to help in decrease sepsis-associated mortality. The international prevalence of sepsis is 300/100,000 [5]. Sepsis affects persons of all ages; it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for patients admitted to ICU [6]. Diagnostic biomolecular markers could greatly simplify, accelerate and objectify the entire healing process, from diagnosis and process monitoring to verification and timely correction of therapy. At present, there is no ideal and clinical gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, asmicrobiology is not sensitive enough and laboratory tests are unspecific for use as a reference standard [7,8,and 9]. Sepsis leading to tissue damages that causes to leakage of Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral blood [10]. Mandel and Metais were identified the cfDNA in human peripheral blood in 1984 [11,12]. An active DNA release from activated lymphocytes was hypothesized [13]. Circulating cell-free DNA in plasma and serum has been studied as biomarkers in many studies [14]. cfDNA has been reported to be increased in many diseases, such as sepsis trauma cancer stroke, and myocardial infarction [15,16,17,18, 19,20,21,22,23]. So cfDNA is considered to be noninvasive technique for the early detection of several human diseases [24,25]. Leptin (LEP) is a cytokine-like hormone (molecular weight of 16kDa). It is primarily synthesized and secreted by white adipose tissue (adipocytes). It has important functions as regarding body weight as it regulate the appetite and energy expenditure via the hypothalamic effects on satiety center [26]. During normal nutrition, the levels of serum leptin are directly correlated with the adipose tissue mass [27].