•Clinical and neurobiological factors are considered to conjointly predict treatment effect in antisocial adolescents.•CU-traits and HPA-axis activity were both related to antisocial behavior at pretreatment.•CU-traits only predicted treatment effect in… Click to show full abstract
•Clinical and neurobiological factors are considered to conjointly predict treatment effect in antisocial adolescents.•CU-traits and HPA-axis activity were both related to antisocial behavior at pretreatment.•CU-traits only predicted treatment effect in interaction with reactivity of the HPA-axis.•High CU-traits with low HPA-axis functioning resulted in better treatment outcome.
               
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