LAUSR

Abstract Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have flourished, and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased from the initial 3.8% to 25.2% in 2019, which is an unprecedented advance. However, usually high-efficiency and stable PSCs are small-area devices prepared by spin coating. This method is not suitable for the preparation of large-area devices in commercialization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new materials and methods for the scalable fabrication of PSCs. In this review, we first describe the common small-area PSCs preparation methods, understand the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of perovskite, and analyze the reasons that hinder the development of small-area devices to large-area devices. Next, in order to meet the challenges of PSC's scalable fabrication, we summarized and analyzed four strategies: scaling up precursor solutions, scalable deposition methods for large-area films, scaling up charge-transport layers and back electrodes, developing solar modules. Finally, challenges and prospects are proposed to help researchers prepare high-efficiency large-area PSCs.