LAUSR

In recent decades, urban developments along rivers have experienced high flooding risks, elevated by increasing urbanization. Due to the expansion of urban areas, flood mitigation strategies must rely on nonstructural flood management policies. This study evaluated the impacts of pluvial floods considering fluvial flooding effects through field surveys and numerical model simulations. Nonstructural flood protection measures are provided by establishing warning water levels based on variant scenario simulations. The results reveal that the aggravated drainage system overflow induced by elevated river water is significant when considering river flooding effects. As a result, current drainage systems have failed to meet the designed flood protection standards, indicating the need to produce potential inundation maps and to establish warning water levels. To prevent the main evacuation route of each settlement from being blocked due to flooding, the proposed warning water levels support timely and effective evacuations. Public community centers and schools in noninundation areas near settlements were identified as possible shelters based on the proposed warning water levels and inundation maps. We conclude that although the riverside areas without dike protection could sustain natural environments and landscapes, they must incorporate nonstructural flood protection measures. At the same time, it must be considered that river flood levels may reduce urban drainage capacity.