LAUSR

Abstract This paper investigates the interaction between a high-speed train and a tornado-like vortex numerically using Detached Eddy Simulation and modal analysis. Key parameters related with the train operation safety, including the operation path, tornado intensity, and train speed, are considered. It is found that the train is subjected to larger aerodynamic forces and moments when the train operates along with the rotating vortex flow, and the head car is more dangerous comparing to the middle and tail cars. Coefficients of derailment and overturning are calculated with vehicle dynamics, and used to assess the operation safety of the train. It is also found that derailment is the main accident that might be caused by tornado, as the resultant lateral force acts at the lower half of the train. Moreover, resonant response of the train dynamic system to the aerodynamic loads caused by the tornado is observed. For the train and the dynamic parameters studied herein, the speed range for the occurrence of resonance is between 160 km∕h and 250 km∕h , within which the coefficients of derailment and overturning reach their maximum values. And the resonant phenomenon is independent with tornado intensity. The numerical results obtained in the current study are of significance for the assessment of operation safety while moving objects encountering tornadoes.