LAUSR

Different patterns of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are directed against different neutrophil constituents. Perinuclear (p)-ANCA and cytoplasmic (c)ANCA are associated with small vessel vasculitis in microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis), respectively. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a heterogeneous group of immunogenic vasculitis preferentially targeting medium arteries, leading to multiple microaneurysms in the viscera, particularly intrarenal microaneurysms. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most well-known infection related to PAN. ANCAs were found in about 10% and 25% of PAN cases with and without HBV infection respectively. Bakkaloglu et al. reported that 33% of PAN showed a weak c-ANCA pattern. As we know, influenza has not been reported to be involved in the pathogenic processes, except for only one case of PAN following vaccination against influenza. The Wunderlich’s syndrome is characterized by spontaneous