LAUSR

Abstract 3-D composite materials containing nanorods of copper–biphenylamines framework at the exterior of Ag doped g-C3N4, to reduce colorless/refractory and colored organic contaminants, with prominent improvement in catalytic action was witnessed for 3-D composite 5% Ag/g-C3N4/Cu(BA), in contrast to original g-C3N4. The improved samples forced electrons colonizing in upper CB and holes colonizing in lower VB, hence improving redox reaction supremacy of the charge carriers. 5% Ag/g-C3N4/Cu(BA) can easily degrade 100% to 99.5% of MO & RhB solutions in 60 min and 73% of phenol and 57% of TCP were degraded. Whereas the degradation efficacies of 5% Ag/g-C3N4/Cu(BN), 5% Ag/g-C3N4/Cu(PD), 5% Ag/g-C3N4 and g-C3N4 are inferior related to 5% Ag/g-C3N4/Cu(BA). The resilient dynamic reactive species (O2−, h+, 1O2, OH), directly caused mineralization of MO, RhB, phenol and TCP. The kapp for 5% Ag/g-C3N4/Cu(BA) also showed superiority over other modified samples. The above results are advantageous for the expansion of a modified catalyst in a wholesale amount and its use. TEM, SEM, EDS elemental mapping, XRD, UV–vis, XPS, and VBXPS studies confirmed that Cu(BA) and 5% Ag/g-C3N4 display close communication with each other. This investigation delivers an innovative approach for extremely worthwhile composite photocatalyst enterprises for environmental remediation.