LAUSR

Patients living with HIV in malarial endemic regions may experience clinically significant drug interaction between antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs. Effects of nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPVr) on lumefantrine (LM) therapeutic concentrations and toxicity were evaluated. In a four-arm parallel study design, the blood samples of 40 participants, treated with artemether/lumefantrine (AL), were analysed. Lumefantrine Cmax was increased by 32% (p = 0.012) and 325% (p < 0.0001) in the NVP and LPVr arms respectively but decreased by 62% (p < 0.0001) in the EFV-arm. AUC of LM was, respectively, increased by 50% (p = 0.27) and 328% (p < 0.0001) in the NVP and LPVr arms but decreased in the EFV-arm by 30% (p = 0.019). Median day 7 LM concentration was less than 280 ng/mL in EFV-arm (239 ng/mL) but higher in control (290 ng/mL), NVP (369 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and LPVr (1331 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) arms. There were no clinically relevant toxicities nor adverse events in both control and test arms. Artemether/lumefantrine is safe and effective for treatment of malaria in PLWHA taking NVP and LPVr based ART regimen but not EFV-based regimen.