LAUSR

Abstract In this study, we designed a vertical all-in-one energy system comprising three sub-systems, each consisting of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) on one side and microsupercapacitor (MSC) on the other side of the substrate. For each sub-system, the MSC is charged up to the maximum Seebeck voltage generated by the TEG when the MSC is connected to the TEG at the edge of the sub-system. After the fully charged MSC is disconnected from the TEG, the electrical energy stored in the MSC remains without loss until the MSCs are forcibly discharged. The vertical all-in-one energy system generates an electrical energy of 10.8 mV and stores the electrical energy without loss.