LAUSR

&NA; Trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1), an anti–erb‐b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2) antibody‐drug conjugate, has been shown to significantly improve survival in HER2‐positive breast cancer. We report a phase II trial of T‐DM1 monotherapy in relapsed NSCLC with documented HER2 positivity (an immunohistochemistry [IHC] score of 3+, both an IHC score of 2+ and fluorescence in situ hybridization positivity, or exon 20 mutation). This study was terminated early because of limited efficacy. The demographic characteristics in the 15 assessable patients were as follows: median age, 67 years; male sex, 47%; performance status of 0 to 1, 80%; HER2 status IHC 3+, 33%; HER status IHC 2+/fluorescence in situ hybridization–positive, 20%; and exon 20 mutation, 47%. The median number of delivered cycles was 3 (range 1–11). One patient achieved a partial response with an objective response rate of 6.7% (90% confidence interval: 0.2–32.0). With a median follow‐up time of 9.2 months, the median progression‐free survival time and median survival time were 2.0 and 10.9 months, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (40%) and hepatotoxicity (20%) without any treatment‐related deaths. T‐DM1 had a limited efficacy for HER2‐positive NSCLC in our cohort. Applying the concept of precision medicine to tumors appears challenging; thus, additional molecular approaches are warranted.