Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common adverse effect associated with prolonged use of opioids; it has been estimated that between 40% and 95% of patients develop OIC (Kumar et… Click to show full abstract
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most common adverse effect associated with prolonged use of opioids; it has been estimated that between 40% and 95% of patients develop OIC (Kumar et al, 2014). OIC is persistent, and may be more distressing than the pain of the condition itself (Morlion et al, 2015). Thus, in addition to its clinical burden, OIC likely results in a high patient burden and a negative impact on patients’ quality of life (QOL).
               
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