LAUSR

OBJECTIVES Anlotinib is a novel multi-target tyrosine Kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR2/3, FGFR1-4, PDGFD α/β, c-Kit and Ret. In the phase III ALTER-0303 trial (Clinical Trial Registry ID: NCT 02388919), anlotinib significantly improved overall survival versus placebo in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had received at least two previous chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase targeted therapy regimens. This study assessed quality of life (QoL) in these patients. METHODS Patients were randomized (2:1) to anlotinib or placebo up to progression or intolerable toxicity. The QoL were assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and the associated EORTC Quality of Life Lung Cancer Specific Module (QLQ-LC13) at baseline, end of cycle 1, end of every two cycles, and at the final visit. The analyses were conducted in the first 6 cycles. Differences in scores of 10 points or more between two arms or from baseline were considered clinically meaningful. RESULTS A total of 437 patients were assigned to anlotinib (n = 294) and placebo (n = 143). The completion rates of the QoL questionnaires were from 69.9% to 97.0%. Mean scores of QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 subscales were similar in the anlotinib and placebo arms at baseline. Compared to placebo, anlotinib improved role functioning, social functioning, dyspnea, insomnia, constipation and financial problems. Only sore mouth or tongue symptom was worse in the anlotinib arm than in the placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib improved quality of life versus placebo in advanced NSCLC patients who had received at least two previous chemotherapies. The QoL analyses provided evidence that anlotinib should be a choice for the third-line treatment or beyond in advanced NSCLC.