LAUSR

Abstract 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been considered as one of the most promising versatile biomass based platform molecules. This review discusses recent advances in catalytic oxidation of HMF towards 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as well as other HMF oxidation intermediates: 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) deploying noble, non-noble, metal-free and biocatalytic systems in conventional batch protocols; reaction mechanisms and the reaction conditions are well deliberated. Selective HMF downstream oxidation products are obtained via catalyst modifications such as the nature of metal, preparative method as well the property of deployed support. HMF oxidation, an important and integral biomass-based valorization process towards valuable chemicals, deserves more attention.