LAUSR

Graphical abstract Figure. No caption available. HighlightsOxidative stress cytotoxicity was involved in A&bgr;25–35‐induced apoptosis and this damage was rescued by cordycepin.Cordycepin can inhibit the A&bgr;25–35‐induced increased p‐Tau expression and AChE overactivity.The cytoprotection of cordycepin could be prevented by the A1AR antagonist (DPCPX). ABSTRACT In Alzheimer's disease (AD), &bgr;‐amyloid (A&bgr;) protein toxicity increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium levels, resulting in neuronal dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, and cell death. Cordycepin is a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine; also, it is speculated to exert neuroprotective effects against A&bgr;‐induced oxidative toxicity in hippocampal neurons. In the present study, the fluorescence detection method and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were used to study the neuroprotective effects against A&bgr;‐induced toxicity in the primary hippocampal cultured neurons. The results revealed that A&bgr;25–35 toxicity causes increased cellular ROS production and abnormal calcium homeostasis in hippocampal neurons. Moreover, A&bgr;25–35‐induced cytotoxicity led to a series of downstream events, including the activation of acetylcholinesterase, increased p‐Tau expression, and increased apoptosis. Cordycepin inhibits ROS production, elevated levels of Ca2+ induced by A&bgr;25–35, and the activation of acetylcholinesterase; all these are involved in oxidative‐induced apoptosis. In addition, it decreases the increased p‐Tau expression that plays a key role in the initiation of the AD. Results showed that the anti‐apoptotic effects of cordycepin are partially dependent on the activation of adenosine A1 receptor, whereas an antagonist selectively attenuated the neuroprotective effects of cordycepin. Collectively, these results suggest that cordycepin could be a potential future therapeutic agent for neuronal disorders, such as AD.