LAUSR

We show that amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) triggers a conformational change in the scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) to induce FLNA associations with α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These aberrant associations respectively enable Aβ42's toxic signaling via α7nAChR to hyperphosphorylate tau protein, and TLR4 activation to release inflammatory cytokines. PTI-125 is a small molecule that preferentially binds altered FLNA and restores its native conformation, restoring receptor and synaptic activities and reducing its α7nAChR/TLR4 associations and downstream pathologies. Two-month oral PTI-125 administration to triple-transgenic (3xTg) Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice before or after apparent neuropathology and to 8-month wildtypes with milder neuropathologies reduced receptor dysfunctions and improved synaptic plasticity, with some improvements in nesting behavior and spatial and working memory in 3xTg AD mice. PTI-125 also reduced tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregated Aβ42 deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Efficacy in postmortem AD and Aβ42-treated age-matched control hippocampal slices was concentration-dependent starting at 1 picomolar (pM) concentration. PTI-125 is the first therapeutic candidate to preferentially bind an altered protein conformation and reverse this proteopathy.