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&NA; The study investigated the role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) in pain signalling in the dorsal striatum of sham and neuropathic rats. Supraspinal circuitries involved in the dorsal striatum control of pain were also explored. In the sham rats, microinjection of N,N′‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐1,2‐ethanediamine (AMN082), a selective mGluR7 positive allosteric modulator, into the dorsal striatum, facilitated pain, increased the activity of the ON cells and inhibited the activity of the OFF cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla, and decreased glutamate levels in the dorsal striatum. Conversely, AMN082 inhibited pain and the activity of the ON cells while increased the activity of the OFF cells in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve. AMN082 also decreased glutamate levels in the dorsal striatum of SNI rats. The effect of AMN082 on mechanical allodynia and glutamate release was blocked by 6‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐ethyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐4(5H)‐benzoxazolone (ADX71743), a selective mGluR7 negative allosteric modulator. Moreover, in the sham rats, AMN082 increased the activity of total nociceptive convergent neurons in the dorsal reticular nucleus while in the SNI rats, such activity was decreased. The administration of lidocaine into the subthalamic nucleus abolished the effect of AMN082 on the total nociceptive convergent neurons in the sham rats but not in the SNI rats. Thus, the dual effect of mGluR7 in facilitating or inhibiting pain responses may be due to the recruitment of different pathways of the basal ganglia, the indirect or direct pathway, in physiological or pathological conditions, respectively. HighlightsmGluR7 in the dorsal striatum facilitates pain in control rats.mGluR7 in the dorsal striatum inhibits pain in neuropathic rats.mGluR7 differently modulates rostral ventromedial medulla and dorsal reticular nucleus in control and neuropathic rats.Indirect path of the basal ganglia is involved in pain facilitation in control rats.Direct path of the basal ganglia is involved in pain inhibition in neuropathic rats.