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PURPOSE To determine the risk of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and transient monocular vision loss (TMVL) before and after a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). DESIGN Population-based retrospective case series. SUBJECTS Patients diagnosed with a CRAO in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1976 to 2016 METHODS: Patients living in Olmsted County with a diagnosis code of CRAO from 1976 to 2016 were reviewed. New CRAOs were confirmed and stroke, TIA, and TMVL events in the 15 days before and after CRAO were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of stroke, TIA, and TMVL events in the 15 days before and after CRAO. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients with a CRAO were identified providing an annual incidence of 2.58/100,000 (95% CI 2.04-3.11). Median age at the time of CRAO was 76 years old (range 46 to 100 years); 56.2% were male and 89.9% of the cohort was white. In the 15 days before and after CRAO, there were 2 ischemic strokes (2.2%), 1 hemorrhagic stroke (1.1%), 2 TIAs (2.2%), and 9 patients with TMVL (10.1%). Starting in 1999, 15 of 45 patients had magnetic resonance imaging within 2 months of CRAO. One (6.7%) had evidence of asymptomatic diffusion restriction and 9 (60%) had a remote infarct. CONCLUSIONS This population-based study demonstrated that the risk of symptomatic ischemic stroke is 2.2% in the 15 days before and after a CRAO, which is slightly lower than most studies from tertiary centers. These data should be considered as practice recommendations are developed regarding the urgency of neurovascular workup in patients with acute CRAO.