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Central Apnea in an Adolescent With COVID-19

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associatedwith a wide spectrum of symptoms, and neurological complications characterized by anosmia, hypogeusia, seizures, hemorrhagic stroke, neuromuscular problems, and encephalopathy have been reported in… Click to show full abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associatedwith a wide spectrum of symptoms, and neurological complications characterized by anosmia, hypogeusia, seizures, hemorrhagic stroke, neuromuscular problems, and encephalopathy have been reported in over 30% of cases.1 The pathogenesis is still unclear, although underlying genetic susceptibility, viral invasion, and cytokine storm may play a role.2 We describe a girl with COVID19eassociated encephalopathy characterized by focal seizures and central apnea. This 14-year-old girl with no prior medical history presented with six days of fever, nasal congestion, and myalgia, followed by three generalized tonic-clonic seizures with perioral cyanosis. The patient was initially lethargic, but otherwise had a normal neurological examination. She had ongoing hypoxia and chest x-ray revealed bilateral infiltrates; she subsequently tested positive for COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction via nasopharyngeal sampling. Laboratory evaluation was unremarkable, cerebrospinal fluid profile and culture were normal, and cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19 was negative. The patient was started on levetiracetam and a 10-day course of remdesivir. Two days after admission, she experienced two apneic episodes, necessitating intubation. Electroencephalography monitoring

Keywords: central apnea; apnea adolescent; covid; adolescent covid

Journal Title: Pediatric Neurology
Year Published: 2020

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