LAUSR

HighlightsT cell immune response in brain is specifically located and shaped.Type 1 immune response triggers neuroinflammation.Type 2 immune response suppresses neuroinflammation.T cell as drivers of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD.T cell is a translation therapeutic target in PD treatment. ABSTRACT Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, different components of the brain’s immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro‐inflammatory activities and suppress type 2 anti‐inflammatory activities, eventually resulting in deregulated neuroinflammation and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, studies have increasingly shown that therapies targeting T cells can alleviate neurodegeneration and motor behavior impairment in animal models of PD. Therefore, we conclude that abnormal T cell‐mediated immunity is a fundamental pathological process that may be a promising translational therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.