LAUSR

Indeterminate renal masses remain a diagnostic challenge for lesions not initially characterized as angiomyolipoma or Bosniak I/II cysts. Differential for indeterminate renal masses include oncocytoma, fat-poor angiomyolipoma, and clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Qualitative and quantitative techniques using data derived from multiphase contrast-enhanced imaging have provided methods for specific differentiation and subtyping of indeterminate renal masses, with emerging applications such as radiocytogenetics. Early and accurate characterization of indeterminate renal masses by multiphase contrast-enhanced imaging will optimize triage of these lesions into surgical, ablative, and active surveillance treatment plans.