LAUSR

Abstract In the present article, regarding the concept of sustainable development (SD), the sustainability of Electric Vehicles (EVs) development in Tehran is evaluated. This paper expends the conventional definition of sustainable development based on a broad philosophy of harmonizing and prioritizing key aspects of human, nature, and systems performances. In the new proposed philosophy of this paper, the emphasis is placed on the aspects of development (Nature, Human, System), their balance, and priority. Then, using a proposed model (NHS), the sustainability of vehicle development in Tehran from the past to the present is evaluated. The results show that this development based on the new proposed SD model has been sustainable from 2010 to 2012. But it has been unstable in 2002–2010 and 2012-2018. Then, according to the most critical aspects of SD, some policy scenarios for the development of EV penetration are introduced. In the proposed method, the closeness coefficient of each policy scenario calculated utilizing fuzzy TOPSIS and the various policies affecting the development of EVs in Tehran ranked. According to the selected policy, a new concept is proposed called Time-Space Load Shifting (TSLS) which is done by EVs. This concept will modify the instability from 2018.