Abstract The simultaneous occurrence of iron, manganese and antibiotics within groundwater enhances the difficulties for drinking water treatment. In this study, the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-assisted in-situ oxidation/coagulation(O/C) coupled with ceramic membrane… Click to show full abstract
Abstract The simultaneous occurrence of iron, manganese and antibiotics within groundwater enhances the difficulties for drinking water treatment. In this study, the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-assisted in-situ oxidation/coagulation(O/C) coupled with ceramic membrane process was employed to remove the iron (Fe2+: 2.0–4.2 mg/L), manganese (Mn2+: 0.99–4.12 mg/L), and antibiotics (Sulfamethazine(SMZ) = 400–800 µg/L) simultaneously. The results indicated that Fe2+ existing in groundwater was able to in-situ active PMS for producting hydroxyl radicals ( OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4 −), oxidizing antibiotics or natural organic matter (NOM) together with manganese and ferrous. Subsequently, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and laser scattering particle analyzer (LSPA), it was found that the aggregates (264–685 µm) generated by oxidation/coagulation process were effectively rejected by ceramic ultrafiltration membrane. Besides, membrane filtration performance depended strongly on the crystallization structure of aggregates. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated that NOM in groundwater weakened the crystallization of ferric hydroxides or manganese precipitation, diminishing membrane filtration efficiency. Based on the outstanding performance of in-situ O/C, this integrated process exhibits considerable potential application in the treatment of groundwater, and the highlight was that ferrous within groundwater could be utilized to active PMS in-situ.
               
Click one of the above tabs to view related content.