LAUSR

Abstract In transportation, Electricity plays a key role in modern dependency techniques, which researchers are concentrating their studies on. Electric Vehicles (EVs) and industrial machinery will continue to significantly increase in the coming years with the advent of Smart Grid (SG) with EVs integration system. The changeable increase of EVs makes them a valuable device in the modern era. SG is principally defined as the use of information technology with the electric by transferring electricity in both directions. This means to import and export to the grid via EVs, i.e Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. Recent literature demonstrated the significance of EVs to overcome power and environmental issues using energy management strategy (EMS). This article reviews the achievement of EMSs in the EV system reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission. To close the gap between the existing bodies of knowledge, this article focuses on the up-to-date and state-of-the-art standards of EV technology, energy resources, charging topologies and infrastructure, EMS classification, power conditional units, and electric load management. Recommendations are given as future research work to address the challenges affecting the V2G technology. The novelty of this article is the update on the state-of-the-art in the area of V2G and EMS.