Highlights • Cinnamic acid exposure reduced growth, pigment and protein contents but spermidine exposure attenuated the reduction.• The accumulation of osmolytes such as sugar and proline buttressed free radicals scavenging… Click to show full abstract
Highlights • Cinnamic acid exposure reduced growth, pigment and protein contents but spermidine exposure attenuated the reduction.• The accumulation of osmolytes such as sugar and proline buttressed free radicals scavenging process.• Antioxidant metabolism was upregulated by the treatment of spermidine, thereby ameliorating cinnamic acid-induced oxidative damage.
               
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