LAUSR

Abstract The Earth's orbital space environment constitutes a finite resource that is being used by an increasing number of States, international intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental entities. The proliferation of space debris, the increasing complexity of space operations, the emergence of large constellations and the increased risks of collision and interference with the operation of space objects are raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of outer space activities. Addressing these developments and risks requires international cooperation. In 2010, the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS) established a working group to address these matters and to propose a set of voluntary, non-binding guidelines for States that represent a compendium of internationally recognized measures for, and commitments to, ensuring the long-term sustainability of outer space activities and, in particular, enhancing the safety of space operations. This paper describes the efforts of this Working Group in the context of other multilateral space security initiatives. The first twelve guidelines, which were agreed in 2016, are briefly discussed, as well as the linkages of this process with the recommendations contained in the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space Activities. The paper ends with some reflections on factors shaping the negotiations of the remaining draft guidelines as the Working Group enters its final round of negotiations in 2018.