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Highlights • Elevated soluble TNFR1 levels are predictive of liver toxicity among patients receiving radiation.• Soluble TNFR1 levels do not independently predict liver toxicity when included in models with ALBI… Click to show full abstract
Highlights • Elevated soluble TNFR1 levels are predictive of liver toxicity among patients receiving radiation.• Soluble TNFR1 levels do not independently predict liver toxicity when included in models with ALBI and mean liver dose.• Data suggest that liver inflammation mediates toxicity after liver irradiation and that the TNFα axis is associated with this inflammation.• Future studies of should evaluate approaches that target pre-treatment inflammation to reduce the risk of toxicity.