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INTRODUCTION In this study,we investigated the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplanted children and its effect on kidney dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred thirty-five pediatric renal transplant patients were included in this study. The presence of CMV infection, CMV risk status, and other clinical features of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of all patients and 68.8% of patients with CMV were male. The mean age was 12 years in all patients and CMV groups. According to the CMV risk classification, 40.9% of the patients with CMV infection/disease were in the high-risk group (CMV D+R-). In CMV risk groups, the presence of CMV infection/disease was similar. Cold ischemia time, male sex (patients and donors), deceased donor, higher HLA-mismatches, and cumulative antithymocyte globulin dose were found as risk factors for CMV infection/disease. Acute rejection/graft failure was observed in 27% of all patients. CMV infection has no effect on rejection/graft failure and survival. DISCUSSION The frequency and risk factors of CMV in renal transplant children in our study were consistent with the literature. CONCLUSIONS CMV infection was found in one-fifth of our patients and the majority (71.9%) of them developed infection in the first 6 months. In one-third of our patients acute rejection/graft failure was observed. There was no effect of CMV infection on rejection/graft failure and survival in pediatric patients with proper and effective treatment.