LAUSR

Abstract In some forming industrial applications, hot steel components leave the rolling train with speeds ranging from 1 to 10 m/s, sliding against fixed components. Scratching of the surface is often inevitable, especially in presence of hard oxides. The experimental assessment of this tribosystem is highly challenging since scratch experiments are typically carried out at velocities two or even three orders of magnitude slower. The severe discrepancy between strain rates in laboratory and field application poses serious concerns in the transferability of the obtained results. To cover the high-speed range of the application, experimental high-temperature tests were combined with numerical high-temperature scratch simulations on ferrite at various scratching velocities between 1 m/s and 10 m/s. A strain-rate dependent material model was used and parameterized to fit uniaxial tensile tests at 800 °C. Material point method simulations using the open-source particle code LAMMPS confirmed the trends found with experimental scratch data. According to the numerical simulations, the velocity effect on the scratch depth is reduced with increasing velocity. A remarkable velocity effect was also identified experimentally in the range of 10 mm/min – 10 mm/s with up to 50% less scratch depth at higher velocities.