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ALTERNATIVE IMMUNOTHERAPIES Monoclonal antibodies targeted at immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have revolutionized the field of oncology in a few years. This success is explained by the large spectrum of activity of these therapies (more than 30 different cancer types), and the durability of tumor responses which provide benefits in overall survival for patients. However, a majority of patients do not respond to these treatments and novel immune strategies are needed to overcome resistance to monotherapies. A compelling effort is ongoing with numerous novel immunotherapies being in clinical development. Beyond immunomodulatory antibodies, other immunotherapies (small inhibitory molecules, vaccines, cytokines, viruses, cells) are in clinical trials or have been already approved, not only targeting T-cells but also other immune cells, including innate immune cells. This review summarizes the recent advances obtained with these new therapies.