LAUSR

Abstract Background China initiated major health-care reforms in 2009 to provide health-care coverage for all by 2020. Little is known about their long-term effect on inequalities in health-care use and outcomes across socioeconomic groups. We aimed to examine trends in hospital care use and case fatality rates for stroke and ischaemic heart disease over 8 years during the implementation of the reforms, overall and by socioeconomic status. Methods In this prospective study, we enrolled adults (30–79 years) from ten regions in China, with linkage to mortality and hospitalisation records. We used generalised linear models to estimate trends in annual hospitalisation rates, 28-day case fatality rates, and average length of stay for stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and any cause. Findings During 2009–16, 794 824 hospital admissions (74 313 for stroke, 69 446 for ischaemic heart disease) were recorded among 505 995 participants. After adjustment for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and previous disease factors, hospitalisation rates increased by about 5% annually for stroke, ischaemic heart disease, and any cause. Higher socioeconomic groups had higher hospitalisation rates, but the annual increases were 2-fold higher in lower socioeconomic groups. Annual increases were higher in rural than urban areas (6·7% vs 3·7% for stroke; 10·0% vs 3·9% for ischaemic heart disease; both p Interpretation Differences in hospital admission rates for stroke and ischaemic heart disease between socioeconomic groups have decreased since the initiation of health-care reforms in China in 2009, but additional strategies are needed to further reduce socioeconomic inequalities in health-care use and outcomes. Funding Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, China, Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and Chinese National Natural Science Foundation.