LAUSR

The linear stability of Couette–Poiseuille flow of two superposed fluid layers in a horizontal channel is considered. The lower fluid layer is populated with surfactants that appear either in the form of monomers or micelles and can also get adsorbed at the interface between the fluids. A mathematical model is formulated which combines the Navier–Stokes equations in each fluid layer, convection–diffusion equations for the concentration of monomers (at the interface and in the bulk fluid) and micelles (in the bulk), together with appropriate coupling conditions at the interface. The primary aim of this study is to investigate when the system is unstable to arbitrary wavelength perturbations, and in particular, to determine the influence of surfactant solubility and/or sorption kinetics on the instability. A linear stability analysis is performed and the growth rates are obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem for Stokes flow, both numerically for disturbances of arbitrary wavelength and analytically using long-wave approximations. It is found that the system is stable when the surfactant is sufficiently soluble in the bulk and if the fluid viscosity ratio $m$ and thickness ratio $n$ satisfy the condition $m