LAUSR

for IHL can only be achieved through their engagement. The need to find solutions for IHL compliance issueshas led to the explorationof newparadigms in this regard. This book fulfils its purpose by reviewing practical problems and challenges related to the application of IHL in armed conflicts involving failed or failing states and fragmented or decentralized NSAGs. For the purpose of better protection of the victims, state-centric limits should be challenged in order to solve practical difficulties that arise in contemporary armed conflicts. Despite the shortcomings identified above – particularly the lack of strategies on how to enhance respect by states – this bookprovides useful tools for thosewhowish to gain insights into different existing mechanisms used to generate respect for IHL, notably including an understanding of the reasons for its violation and how important the direct engagement with the responsible parties is.