LAUSR

Grain boundary (GB) energy is an important parameter in determining the microstructure and properties of materials. Seeger et al. [1] first proposed a dependence of the GB energy in metals on a volume expansion (δV) normal to the boundary with a corresponding decrease in the electron density (n) at the GB. In this work, valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) and extended energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS) analysis were used to examine fundamental GB properties such as the electron density and volume expansion, respectively.