LAUSR

More recently, there have been environmental concerns over the use of lead in ammunitions, which consequently have led to the development of heavy metal free (HMF) ammunition. Adding further to the discussion, particles from metal-free primers may be indistinguishable from environmental particles. The changing of the ammunition is also inadvertently altering the final elemental composition of GSR with limited information available to identify lead-free and/or organic GSR and differentiate it from environmental particles. In order to re-evaluate particle morphology and to distinguish GSR from environmental particles, detailed morphological and chemical characterization of these lead-free GSR particles and environmental particles is needed if the source of an unknown particle is to be determined with confidence.