LAUSR

all, helps them only under highly contingent circumstances. If the struggles of groups that came late to citizenship in America—African Americans and women —are any guide, such groups value the standing that full citizenship brings much more than the right to vote. The latter was often viewed instrumentally, as the infallible insignia of full membership, not for its own sake. The chief virtue of The Ethics of Multiple Citizenship resides, then, not in the intricate solutions it offers. Rather, it consists in its challenge alike to facile postnationalist celebrations of multiple citizenship and to the sacrosanct status that citizenship has assumed in democracy, both classical and modern.