LAUSR

A programmable multi-target-response electrochemical imaging technique was presented using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) combining with self-designed waveform. The potential waveform applied to the tip decreased the charging current caused by potential switch, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. This programmable SECM (P-SECM) method was used to scan a metal strip for verifying its feasibility in feedback mode. Since it could achieve simultaneous multi-target imaging during one single imaging process, PC12 cells status was imaged and identified through three different molecules (FcMeOH, Ru(NH3)63+ and oxygen). The FcMeOH image eliminated the error from cell height and the Ru(NH3)63+ image verified the change of membrane permeability. Moreover, the oxygen image demonstrated the bioactivity of the cell via its intensity of respiration. Combining information from these three molecules, cell status could be determined accurately and also the error caused by time consumption with multiple scans in traditional SECM was eliminated.