LAUSR

Extraction in the context of analytical chemistry (analytical-scale extraction) is defined as "the transfer of target analyte from one phase to a different phase where further processing and analysis occurs".1 The target analyte is thus isolated from the original sample, and transferred into an extract. In this way, the target analyte is separated from major sample matrix components. The sample is often a liquid, and the target analyte is extracted into (a) another liquid or (b) onto a solid. Extraction according to (a) and (b) are termed liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), respectively, and involve partition and mass transfer across liquid-liquid and liquid-solid boundaries. Partition is based on intermolecular forces involving hydrophobic, dispersion, dipole, hydrogen bond, and ionic interactions. The molecular interactions are highly influenced by the chemical properties of the extraction phase (extraction chemistry). In this review we discuss new extraction phases, which are currently investigated in the scientific literature. In addition, we discuss new technical formats (geometries) for extraction. Emerging extraction strategies as stated in the manuscript title, are thus defined as new extraction phases and new technical formats in this review.