LAUSR

A versatile approach to the production of cluster- and single atom-based thin-film electrode composites is presented. The developed TiOxNy–Ir catalyst was prepared from sputtered Ti–Ir alloy constituted of 0.8 ± 0.2 at % Ir in α-Ti solid solution. The Ti–Ir solid solution on the Ti metal foil substrate was anodically oxidized to form amorphous TiO2–Ir and later subjected to heat treatment in air and in ammonia to prepare the final catalyst. Detailed morphological, structural, compositional, and electrochemical characterization revealed a nanoporous film with Ir single atoms and clusters that are present throughout the entire film thickness and concentrated at the Ti/TiOxNy–Ir interface as a result of the anodic oxidation mechanism. The developed TiOxNy–Ir catalyst exhibits very high oxygen evolution reaction activity in 0.1 M HClO4, reaching 1460 A g–1Ir at 1.6 V vs reference hydrogen electrode. The new preparation concept of single atom- and cluster-based thin-film catalysts has wide potential applications in electrocatalysis and beyond. In the present paper, a detailed description of the new and unique method and a high-performance thin film catalyst are provided along with directions for the future development of high-performance cluster and single-atom catalysts prepared from solid solutions.