LAUSR

Pyrolysis of Huadian oil shale was investigated in a newly designed shallow fixed bed reactor mounted with infrared heating to clarify the pyrolysis behavior at different heating rates and pyrolysis temperatures under minimized secondary reactions to volatiles in an oil shale bed. The maximum shale oil recovery was obtained under the proper conditions of a heating rate of 0.5 °C/s, a pyrolysis temperature of about 550 °C, a reduced reaction pressure (0.6 atm in this work), and for a single-layer oil shale bed. The highest shale oil yield under such conditions was close to 100% of the Fischer Assay oil yield (11.10 wt % of dry basis). For the adopted infrared-heating reactor, increasing the heating rate decreased the shale oil yield but increased the gas production. The total hydrogen in volatile products including shale oil and pyrolysis gas increased with raising the heating rate, and the total volatile production was higher for the infrared quick heating pyrolysis (heating rate: 25 °C/s) than that for t...