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Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Personal Care Products in Toronto, Canada: Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Discharge via Greywater.
Although synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in various personal care products (PCPs), little is known about their levels, composition profiles, human exposure, or environmental emissions. In this study,… Click to show full abstract
Although synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in various personal care products (PCPs), little is known about their levels, composition profiles, human exposure, or environmental emissions. In this study, the occurrence of SPAs was evaluated in fifteen categories of 214 PCPs collected in Toronto, Canada. Nine SPAs were detected in the PCPs, of which only 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, 50%. When the 214 PCPs were separated into products labeled as containing BHT and those labeled as not containing BHT, the BHT-labeled PCPs (mean: 369,253 ng//g, median: 382,560 ng/g) contained significantly higher concentrations of BHT than the BHT-unlabeled PCPs (mean: 4960 ng/g, median: 199 ng/g) did (p < 0.01). Five transformation products (TPs) of BHT were also detected in the PCPs at low concentrations (∑TPs:
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