LAUSR

Phenolamides, also known as hydroxycinnamic acid amides or phenylamides, have been reported throughout the plant kingdom, while a few of these amine-conjugated hydroxycinnamic acids are unique in foods. The current knowledge on their specific functions in plant development and defense is readily available as well as their biosynthesis; however, their functionality in humans is still unknown. Of the currently known phenolamides, the most common are avenanthramides, which are unique in oats and similar with the well-known drug, Tranilast, that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-itch, and anti-atherogenic activities. While recent data has brought to light more information regarding the other known phenolamides, such as hordatines, dimers of agmatine conjugated hydroxycinnamic acid, and kukoamines, spermine-derived phenolamides, the information is still severely limited, leaving their potential health benefits to speculation. Herein, to highlight the importance of dietary phenolamides to human health, we review and summarize the four major subgroups of phenolamides, including their chemical structures, dietary sources, and reported health benefits. We believe that the studies on phenolamides are still in the infancy stage and additional health benefits, of these phenolamides, may have yet to be identified.