LAUSR

Chemistry education research has sought to understand why students struggle in organic chemistry courses. Beyond the volume and difficulty of the material taught in this course, there are also affective factors, such as attitude toward chemistry, that can influence how students perform. Studies have documented cases in which students of underrepresented minority backgrounds in science fields have less positive attitudes than their majority peers. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether the significant positive attitude gains found in a flipped classroom compared to a traditional lecture course extended to the Black female students in the sample when compared to the rest of their peers. Our study employs measurement invariance testing, which reveals whether an instrument’s internal structure holds for different groups, to support valid comparisons. The study documents that Black female students began the course with lower attitude scores than their peers. Results of this study indicate that, while Bla...