LAUSR

The use of mixed hosts has been demonstrated to be an effective way to improve the efficiency of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). In this study, a macrospirocyclic oligomer (Cz-F)4 based on carbazole and fluorene is synthesized as a solution-processable matrix host material for blue PhOLEDs. The oligomer exhibits a high triplet level, good film-forming ability, solution processability, and doping compatibility. As a result, a blue solution-processed PhOLED based on a (Cz-F)4/TAPC [1,1-bis((di-4-tolylamino) phenyl) cyclohexane] mixed host achieves a maximum current efficiency of 18.8 cd/A with a turn-on voltage of 3.3 V. When a ternary mixed-host system composed of (Cz-F)4, TAPC, and OXD-7 [1,3-bis(5-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene] is employed, the device exhibits a low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V, and the driving voltages are only 3.8–4.6 V at the practical luminance of 100–1000 cd/m2. Even at 5000 and 10 000 cd/m2, the driving voltages are only 5.7 and 6.6 V, resp...